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Métodos iterativos libres de derivadas para la resolución de ecuaciones y sistemas de ecuaciones no lineales.

Data de lectura: 2024-06-03 Centre: Universitat Politècnica de València | ID: 10251/204853

Autor/a: García Villalba, Eva

Director/a: Martínez Molada, Eulalia

Resum

[EN] Within the field of Numerical Analysis, the resolution of equations and systems of nonlinear equations is one of the most relevant and studied aspects. This is due to the fact that a large number of problems in Applied Mathematics, such as the solution of differential equations, partial differential equations or integral equations among many others, can be reduced to the solution of a non-linear system. Generally, it is very difficult to obtain the analytical solution of this type of problems and, in many cases, although it is possible to find the exact solution, it is very complicated to work with this expression due to its complexity. Moreover, with the development of technologies, great advances have been made in the use of computational tools, so that the dimensions of some of the problems that arise in fields such as Economics, Engineering, Data Science, etc. have grown considerably, giving rise to problems of large dimensions. For these reasons, it is very useful and, in many cases, necessary to solve these non linear problems in an approximate way, of course, with mathematically rigorous techniques within the field of Numerical Analysis. For these reasons, iterative methods for approximating the solution of nonlinear equations and systems of equations have been an important field of research in recent years. The computational implementation of these methods is an important tool in the Applied Sciences as they provide solutions to problems that were difficult to solve in the past. The research carried out in this Doctoral Thesis focuses on the study, design and application of iterative methods that improve certain aspects of classical schemes such as: speed of convergence, applicability to non differential problems, accessibility or efficiency. A large part of the work developed in this thesis focuses on the study of iterative methods for multidimensional problems, in particular, we have specialised on derivative-free schemes. In addition, part of this Doctoral Thesis is centred on the study of the local and semilocal convergence of methods already developed in the recent literature or of new iterative methods designed in this work. This study guarantees the existence of a solution given a starting point, the convergence domain of the solutions of the problem and their uniqueness under certain conditions. To complement the study of the convergence of the methods, in some chapters a dynamical study of the methods applied to nonlinear equations is also carried out in order to extrapolate the results to the multidimensional case. In addition, as part of some numerical experiments, the accessibility of different numerical methods has been compared across the basins of attraction represented in different dynamical planes, both for the unidimensional and the multidimensional case. Finally, in most of the chapters of this thesis, the iterative methods studied are applied to the resolution of non-linear problems in Applied Mathematics. These problems can be prepared to taste the designed algorithms or be real problems present in some Applied Sciences such as Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, etc. The results described above form part of this Doctoral Thesis to obtain the title of Doctor in Mathematics. (Summary)

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