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The M.O. laboratory members thank the financial support from the Spanish Government (project SAF2017-84689-R (MINECO/AEI/FEDER, EU)) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/2019/065). The R.M. laboratory members thank the financial support from the Spanish Government (projects RTI2018-100910-B-C41 and RTI2018-101599-B-C22 (MCUI/FEDER, EU) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO 2018/024). Both I.G. and B.L-T. are grateful to the Generalitat Valenciana and the Spanish Ministry of Economy, respectively, for their Ph.D. grants. I.G. would like to thank I. Borreda and J. Forteza and the Instituto Valenciano de Patologia for their special collaboration and F. Sancenon for his appreciated help

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Galiana, I; Lozano-Torres, B; Sancho, M; Alfonso, M; Bernardos, A; Martínez-Máñez, R; Orzáez, M;

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The induction of senescence produces a stable cell cycle arrest in cancer cells, thereby inhibiting tumor growth; however, the incomplete immune cell-mediated clearance of senescent cells may favor tumor relapse, limiting the long-term anti-tumorigenic effect of such drugs. A combination of senescence induction and the elimination of senescent cells may, therefore, represent an efficient means to inhibit tumor relapse. In this study, we explored the antitumor efficacy of a combinatory senogenic and targeted senolytic therapy in an immunocompetent orthotopic mouse model of the aggressive triple negative breast cancer subtype. Following palbociclib-induced senogenesis and senolysis by treatment with nano-encapsulated senolytic agent navitoclax, we observed inhibited tumor growth, reduced metastases, and a reduction in the systemic toxicity of navitoclax. We believe that this combination treatment approach may have relevance to other senescence-inducing chemotherapeutic drugs and additional tumor types. Significance: While the application of senescence inducers represents a successful treatment strategy in breast cancer patients, some patients still relapse, perhaps due to the subsequent accumulation of senescent cells in the body that can promote tumor recurrence. We now demonstrate that a combination treatment of a senescence inducer and a senolytic nanoparticle selectively eliminates senescent cells, delays tumor growth, and reduces metastases in a mouse model of aggressive breast cancer. Collectively, our results support targeted senolysis as a new therapeutic opportunity to improve outcomes in breast cancer patients.

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