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Guimaraens Igual, GuillermoSupervisor

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El Fuerte de Santa Cruz y el sistema defensivo español en Orán-Argelia

Date read: 2024-01-29 {_iPublic_txt_centro_}: | ID: 10251/202291

Author: Metair, Souad

Director: Guimaraens Igual, Guillermo

Abstract

[EN] Santa Cruz fort is located at more than 375 m above the sea, on the Aïdour peak, in the Murdjajo mountain. It is the symbol of the city of Oran, being the most visited historical monument by tourists as well as by the Oranese themselves. Thanks to this position, it dominates the urban landscaping of the city and therefore its cultural landscaping. Its strategic location allows it to control Oran Bay on one side and Mazalquivir Bay on the other, unifying the two presidios and controlling access by sea or land. Thus becoming the key of Oran during the Spanish era, leading to a series of projects to strengthen its enclosure and make it impregnable. In the hands of the military power until the end of the 20th century, its recent patrimonialization allowed its classification as a national cultural asset at the level of the Ministry of Culture. The entire system is offered for registration on the UNESCO list. What prompts us to study its evolution and current design through a research work within the framework of historical-architectural analysis. This thesis intends to analyze from the historical archives, the importance of the Santa Cruz fort, its role in the Spanish defensive system of the city, and how it evolved during the Spanish period: from being the Achilles heel of the place, to convert , then in its strong point and an impregnable bulwark. Complemented with an analysis of the defensive system of Oran to contextualize the role of Santa Cruz. (Summary)

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