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October 11, 2024
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A Review of the Factors Influencing Surface Roughness in Machining and Their Impact on Sustainability

Publicated to:Sustainability. 16 (5): 1917- - 2024-03-01 16(5), DOI: 10.3390/su16051917

Authors: Abellan-Nebot, Jose V; Vila Pastor, Carlos; Siller, Hector R

Affiliations

Univ Jaume 1, Dept Ind Syst Engn & Design - Author
Univ North Texas, Dept Mech Engn - Author
Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Mech Engn & Mat - Author

Abstract

Understanding surface roughness generation in machining is critical to estimate the final quality of the part, optimize cutting conditions, reduce costs and improve manufacturing sustainability in industry. This work presents a review of the factors that affect surface roughness generation in machining (turning/milling) processes. Up to twenty-five different factors were identified, which were classified as setup factors (cutting tool, machine tool/fixturing and workpiece factors), operational factors (cutting and process parameters) and processing factors, which are related to the resulting cutting processes, such as built-up edge, chatter or tool wear. The importance of understanding these factors to improve machining sustainability is highlighted through three case studies, ranging from a simple change in the cutting insert to a more complex case where a controlled surface roughness leads to the elimination of a grinding stage. A case study illustrating the potential benefit of MQL in the sustainability of the machining process is also reported from the mold manufacturing industry. In all of the cases, the improvement in sustainability in terms of the reduction in kg of CO2 equivalent is notable, especially when grinding operations are reduced or eliminated from the manufacturing process. This paper can be of interest to practitioners in finishing operations at milling and turning operations that want to increase machining sustainability through a deep understanding of surface roughness generation.

Keywords

Carbide insertsCutting edge-geometryFinishMachiningMinimum quantity lubricationParametersPart iSide-flowSteelSurface roughnessSustainabilityTool wearWorkpiece hardness

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Sustainability due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Geography, Planning and Development.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-07-17:

  • WoS: 16
  • Scopus: 4

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-17:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 129 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

    Leadership analysis of institutional authors

    This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: United States of America.