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Esteve-Sánchez, YAuthorHernández-Montoto, AAuthorMarcos, MdAuthorMartínez-Máñez, RCorresponding AuthorAznar, ECorresponding Author

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SARS-CoV-2 N protein IgG antibody detection employing nanoporous anodized alumina: A rapid and selective alternative for identifying naturally infected individuals in populations vaccinated with spike protein (S)-based vaccines

Publicated to:Sensors And Actuators B-Chemical. 419 136378- - 2024-11-15 419(), DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2024.136378

Authors: Esteve-Sanchez, Yoel; Hernandez-Montoto, Andy; Tormo-Mas, Maria Angeles; Peman, Javier; Calabuig, Eva; Gomez, Maria Dolores; Marcos, Maria Dolores; Martinez-Manez, Ramon; Aznar, Elena; Climent, Estela

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Abstract

Methods to detect naturally infected individuals, especially during or after a pandemic, are valuable in populations with a high rate of vaccination. Having in mind that after the COVID-19 pandemic people has been vaccinated against the virus by Spike protein (S)-based vaccines, we present in this paper a novel nanosensor based on gated nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) material to detect naturally infected individuals in populations with high rates of vaccination. The nanosensor developed is based on a protein-capped nanomaterial for the identification of IgG antibodies that can detect nucleocapsid protein (N) of SARS-CoV-2. The NAA material has been loaded with an indicator (Rhodamine B (RhB)) and the pores of the material have been blocked with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N) attached to a specific aptamer. In presence of antibodies against this antigen, the pores are uncapped, triggering the dye release and a fluorescent signal as a result. The biosensor has been tested in vitro and simulated serum for IgG detection, proving a detection limit of 1 mu g/mL. Moreover, specificity assays with N proteins from other coronaviruses have proved the robustness and efficacy of this nanosensor. Finally, the system has been tested on samples from patients that contained SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, demonstrating its potential for the discrimination of individuals that have been vaccinated or infected by SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Keywords

Fluorescence detectionGated nanoporous anodic alumina (naa)NanomaterialsSarsSars-cov-2 n protein igg antibody detection

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Sensors And Actuators B-Chemical due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position 8/45, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Electrochemistry.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-06-08:

  • WoS: 2
  • Scopus: 2

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-08:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 8 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    Leadership analysis of institutional authors

    There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Esteve Sánchez, Yoel) and Last Author (Climent, E).

    the authors responsible for correspondence tasks have been Martínez Mañez, Ramón and Aznar Gimeno, Elena.