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Analysis of institutional authors

Fombuena, VCorresponding Author

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October 28, 2024
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Optimizing rheological performance of unsaturated polyester resin with bio-based reactive diluents: A comprehensive analysis of viscosity and thermomechanical properties

Publicated to: Polymer Testing. 129 108264- - 2023-12-01 129(), DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.108264

Authors:

Grimalt, J; Frattini, L; Carreras, P; Fombuena, V
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Affiliations

Cosentino Res & Dev SL - Author
Univ Politecn Valencia UPV, Technol Inst Mat ITM, Plaza Ferrandiz & Carbonell 1 - Author

Abstract

Bio-based reactive diluents (RD) have been explored as alternative to styrene (STY) in unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). Among the different candidates, acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) and epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) stand out as triglyceride derivatives. Aditionally, methyl methacrylate (MMA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) with acrylic functionality, limonene (LIM), and cinnamates (CINN), has been tested in different percentages. Firstly, their efficiency in viscosity reduction has been studied. Best results were obtained after the addition of MMA, LIM, and CINN at 5 wt%. These RD achieve a viscosity reduction of 48.9 %, 76.7 %, and 22.9 %, respectively, compared to the reference sample. The industrial utilization of CINN as RD is impeded by its reactivity, as has been evidenced by its prolonged reaction time (24 min) and low reaction enthalpy. The thermo-mechanical properties studied through flexural tests, Shore D hardness, Charpy's Impact test, and heat deflection temperature (HDT), show that the developed UPRs exhibit a decrease in resistant mechanical properties while doubling their ductility by using LIM and MMA as bio-based RD (1.88 and 2.15 kJ m(-2), respectively). The HDT study results demonstrate a certain level of thermal stability when MMA is employed (56 degrees C), which is 15 % lower in the case of LIM. Therefore, it is observed that UPRs with bio-based RD exhibit balanced and improved thermo-mechanical properties in terms of ductility and strength, especially with the use of a 5 wt % of LIM and MMA.
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Keywords

Bio-basedBio-based reactive diluentCharpy impact testingCinnamatesCompositesDuctilityEpoxyEstersMechanical-propertiesMethyl methacrylatesNetworksOilPolyester resinsPolymerPolyurethaneReactive diluentsRheological propertiesRheological propertySilestone (r)Silestone®Soybean oilStyreneThermomechanical propertiesUnsaturated polyester resinUnsaturated polyesters resinsUnsaturated polymersViscosityViscosity reduction

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Polymer Testing due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 1/38, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Materials Science, Characterization & Testing. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.6. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 13, 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-12-28, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 8
  • Scopus: 7
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-12-28:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 14 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
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Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: Last Author (Fombuena Borrás, Vicent).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Fombuena Borrás, Vicent.

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