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Analysis of institutional authors

García-Baños, BCorresponding AuthorSánchez JrAuthorSánchez, JrAuthorCatalá-Civera, JmAuthor

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Evaluation of Microwave Synthesis of Ceramic Pigments Based on In Situ Dielectric Characterization

Publicated to:Materials (Basel). 16 (8): 2976- - 2023-04-01 16(8), DOI: 10.3390/ma16082976

Authors: Garcia-Banos, Beatriz; Sanchez, Juan R; Godes, Jose L; Leonelli, Cristina; Catala-Civera, Jose M

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Abstract

The application of microwave technology for efficient and environmentally friendly synthesis of ceramic pigments is a successful and rapidly evolving area of research. However, a clear understanding of the reactions and their relationship with the material absorbance has not been fully achieved. The present study introduces an in situ permittivity characterization technique, which serves as an innovative and precise tool for assessing the microwave synthesis of ceramic pigments. Several processing parameters (atmosphere, the heating rate, raw mixture composition and particle size) were evaluated by studying the permittivity curves as a function of temperature to elucidate their effect on the synthesis temperature and the final pigment quality. The validity of the proposed approach was verified through correlation with other well-known analysis techniques, such as DSC or XRD, providing valuable information about the reaction mechanisms and the optimum conditions for the synthesis process. In particular, changes in permittivity curves were linked, for the first time, to undesired metal oxide reduction at too-high heating rates and could be used to detect pigment synthesis failures and ensure product quality. The proposed dielectric analysis was also found to be a useful tool for optimizing raw material composition for the microwave process, including the use of chromium with lower specific surface area and flux removal.

Keywords

Atmospheric temperatureCeramic pigmentDielectric characterizationEnvironmentally friendly synthesisHigh temperatureHigh-temperatureHighest temperatureIn situ dielectric characterizationMicrowave devicesMicrowave heatingMicrowave processMicrowave synthesisMicrowave technologyMixed metal oxideMixed metal oxidesParticle sizeParticle size analysisPermittivityPigment synthesisQuality control

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Materials (Basel) due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 20/90, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 1.09, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-07, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 5
  • Scopus: 4
  • Europe PMC: 1
  • OpenCitations: 3

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-07:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 5.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 5 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Italy.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (García Baños, Beatriz) and Last Author (Catalá Civera, José Manuel).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been García Baños, Beatriz.