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Gisbert-Mullor, RAuthorLópez-Galarza, SAuthor

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Short-term water stress responses of grafted pepper plants are associated with changes in the hormonal balance

Publicated to:Frontiers In Plant Science. 14 1170021- - 2023-04-25 14(), DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1170021

Authors: Padilla, Yaiza Gara; Gisbert-Mullor, Ramon; Lopez-Galarza, Salvador; Albacete, Alfonso; Martinez-Melgarejo, Purificacion A; Calatayud, Angeles

Affiliations

Ctr Edafol & Biol Aplicada Segura CEBAS, Dept Plant Nutr, CSIC - Author
Inst Agroenvironm Res & Dev Murcia IMIDA, Dept Plant Prod & Agrotechnol - Author
Inst Valenciano Invest Agr, Dept Hort, Moncada - Author
Univ Politecn Valencia, Ctr Valenciano Estudios Riego CVER, Dept Prod Vegetal - Author

Abstract

Phytohormones play an important role in regulating the plant behavior to drought. In previous studies, NIBER (R) pepper rootstock showed tolerance to drought in terms of production and fruit quality compared to ungrafted plants. In this study, our hypothesis was that short-term exposure to water stress in young, grafted pepper plants would shed light on tolerance to drought in terms of modulation of the hormonal balance. To validate this hypothesis, fresh weight, water use efficiency (WUE) and the main hormone classes were analyzed in selfgrafted pepper plants (variety onto variety, V/V) and variety grafted onto NIBER (R) (V/N) at 4, 24, and 48h after severe water stress was induced by PEG addition. After 48h, WUE in V/N was higher than in V/V, due to major stomata closure to maintain water retention in the leaves. This can be explained by the higher abscisic acid (ABA) levels observed in the leaves of V/N plants. Despite the interaction between ABA and the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1carboxylic acid (ACC), in relation to stomata closure is controversial, we observed an important increase of ACC at the end of the experiment in V/N plants coinciding with an important rise of the WUE and ABA. The maximum concentration of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid after 48h was found in the leaves of V/N, associated with their role in abiotic stress signaling and tolerance. Respect to auxins and cytokinins, the highest concentrations were linked to water stress and NIBER (R), but this effect did not occur for gibberellins. These results show that hormone balance was affected by water stress and rootstock genotype, where NIBER (R) rootstock displayed a better ability to overcome shortterm water stress.

Keywords

Abscisic-acid accumulationCapsicum annuumDrought stressDrought toleranceEthyleneInduced stomatal closureJasmonic acidLeavesPhytohormonesPrimary root elongationRootSalicylic-acidShoot growthTomatoUse efficiencyWater use efficiency

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Frontiers In Plant Science due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 44/265, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Plant Sciences.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.87. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 2.31 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 7.23 (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-23, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 9
  • Scopus: 12
  • Europe PMC: 3
  • OpenCitations: 6

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-23:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 31.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 31 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 2.75.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 6 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.