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Blázquez-Moraleja, AAuthorMarin, MlAuthor

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October 28, 2024
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Assessment of new immobilized photocatalysts based on Rose Bengal for water and wastewater disinfection

Publicated to: CATALYSIS TODAY. 413-415 113941- - 2023-01-01 413-415(), DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.11.002

Authors:

Hernández-Zanoletty, Alba ; Oller, Isabel; Polo-López, Inmaculada; Blázquez-Moraleja, Alberto; Flores, Jenny; Marín García, Mª Luisa; Bosca Mayans, Francisco; Malato, Sixto
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Affiliations

- Author
CIEMAT, Plataforma Solar Almeria - Author
UCM, Ciudad Univ S-N - Author
Univ Politecn Valencia, Consejo Super Invest Cient, Inst Tecnol Quim - Author
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the water disinfection capability of new immobilized photocatalysts based on the organic photosensitizer Rose Bengal (RB) supported on glass wool and with two different photocatalyst load (RB_GW_0.22 and RB_GW_0.02). Tests were carried out under different operating conditions in a solar simulator at 30 W/m2 average UV-A irradiation. Isotonic water (IW) (with 9 g/L NaCl), simulated tap water (STW) and simulated urban wastewater effluent (SUWWE) spiked with Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis (106 CFU/mL initial concentrations) were used as water model microbial strains. The mere effect of only irra-diance was also investigated as reference of the photocatalytic performance over both bacteria. Results showed that RB_GW_0.22 presented high inactivation for E. faecalis, reaching 6 Log Reduction Value (LRV) in 2 min in IW and STW at pH 5 and 6 in comparison with only irradiance (60 min). In SUWWE, the effect of RB_GW_0.22 was also better for E. faecalis inactivation (60 min), compared to that produced in E. coli (120 min) and without the presence of the photocatalyst (where total inactivation was not achieved after 120 min of treatment). Ecotoxicity (ISO 11348-3:2007) and phytotoxicity (EN ISO 18763:2020) tests of the treated water were also assessed and results showed any significant effect, concluding that the use of RB_GW_0.22 is a promising solar photocatalytic treatment for urban wastewater reclamation and reuse.
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Keywords

DisinfectionEffluentsEscherichia coliImmobilized photocatalystIrradiationMethylene-bluePhotodynamic-actionPhotosensitizersPhytotoxicityRose bengalSodium chlorideSolar photocatalysisTap waterToxicityToxicity and phytotoxicityUrban wastewaterVirulenceWastewater effluentsWastewater reclamationWastewater treatmentWater and wastewaterWater conservationWater disinfectionsWater purification

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal CATALYSIS TODAY due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 13/74, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Chemistry, Applied.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.61. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 13, 2025)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 1.36 (source consulted: FECYT Mar 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2026-04-02, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 14
  • Scopus: 15
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-02:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 28 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
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