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Pérez-Baeza, MAuthor

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October 31, 2024
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Trimeprazine is enantioselectively degraded by an activated sludge in ready biodegradability test conditions

Publicated to: Water Research. 141 57-64 - 2018-09-15 141(), DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.008

Authors:

Escuder-Gilabert, Laura; Martin-Biosca, Yolanda; Perez-Baeza, Mireia; Sagrado, Salvador; Medina-Hernandez, Maria Jose
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Affiliations

Univ Valencia, Dept Quim Analit - Author
Univ Valencia, Inst Interuniv Invest Reconocimiento Mol & Desarr, Univ Politecn Valencia - Author

Abstract

A great number of available pharmaceuticals are chiral compounds. Although they are usually manufactured as racemic mixtures, they can be enantioselectively biodegraded as a result of microbial processes. In this paper, a biodegradability assay in similar conditions to those recommended in OECD tests of enantiomers of trimeprazine (a phenothiazine employed as a racemate) is carried out. Experiments were performed in batch mode using a minimal salts medium inoculated with an activated sludge (collected from a Valencian Waste Water Treatment Plant, WWTP) and supplemented with the racemate. The concentration of the enantiomers of trimeprazine were monitored by means of a chiral HPLC method using a cellulose-based chiral stationary phase and 0.5 M NaClO4/acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) mobile phases. Experiments were performed at three concentration levels of the racemate. In parallel, the optical density at 600 nm (OD600) was measured to control the biomass growth and to connect it with enantioselectivity. The calculated enantiomeric fractions (EF) offer the first evidence of enantioselective biodegradation of trimeprazine. A simplified Monod equation was used as a curve fitting approach for concentration (S), biodegradation (BD), and for the first time, EF experimental data in order to expand the usefulness of the results. Precision studies on S (repeatability conditions) and, for the first time, EF (intermediate precision conditions) were also performed. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Keywords

AcetonitrileActivated sludgeAlimemazineAntipruritic agentAntipruriticsArticleBatch experimentBatch experimentsBiodegradabilityBiodegradability testBiodegradability testsBiodegradationBiodegradation, environmentalBiomass productionBioremediationCelluloseChemistryChiral compoundsChiral pharmaceuticalsChromatography, high pressure liquidConcentrationConcentration (parameters)ConditionCurve fittingCurves fittingsDrugsEffluent treatmentEnantiomerEnantiomeric fractionsEnantiomeric ratioEnantiomersEnantioselectivityEnantioseparationExperimentationFate processesFluoxetineHigh performance liquid chromatographyKinetic-parametersMass-spectrometryMeasurement repeatabilityMetabolismMethamphetaminePrecisionPriority journalRacemic mixtureSewageSodium chlorateStereoisomerismTest conditionTrimeprazineUrban waterWaste water treatment plantWaste-waterWastewater treatmentWater pollutantWater pollutants, chemicalWater treatment

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Water Research due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2018, it was in position 1/91, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Water Resources. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-12-22:

  • WoS: 10
  • Scopus: 11
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-12-22:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 17.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 17 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 2 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

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Awards linked to the item

The authors acknowledge the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund for the financial support (Project CTQ2015-70904-R, MINECO/FEDER, UE).
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