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Grant support

This work has been funded by the "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad" through the Project TED2021-131040B-C31, and by the "Generalitat Valenciana" through the "Programa Investigo" project INVEST/2022/467.

Analysis of institutional authors

Ahmad, AliAuthorIvars-Palomares, AlbertoAuthorSendra, SandraAuthorLloret, JaimeCorresponding Author

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November 10, 2024
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A Comprehensive Survey of Drones for Turfgrass Monitoring

Publicated to:Drones. 8 (10): 563- - 2024-10-01 8(10), DOI: 10.3390/drones8100563

Authors: Parra, Lorena; Ahmad, Ali; Zaragoza-Esquerdo, Miguel; Ivars-Palomares, Alberto; Sendra, Sandra; Lloret, Jaime

Affiliations

Univ Politecn Madrid, Escuela Super Ingn Agron Alimentaria & Biosistemas, Dept Agr Prod, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Invest Gest Integrada Zonas Costeras, Valencia 46022, Spain - Author

Abstract

Drones are being used for agriculture monitoring in many different crops. Nevertheless, the use of drones for green areas' evaluation is limited, and information is scattered. In this survey, we focus on the collection and evaluation of existing experiences of using drones for turfgrass monitoring. Despite a large number of initial search results, after filtering the information, very few papers have been found that report the use of drones in green areas. Several aspects of drone use, the monitored areas, and the additional ground-based devices for information monitoring are compared and evaluated. The data obtained are first analysed in a general way and then divided into three groups of papers according to their application: irrigation, fertilisation, and others. The main results of this paper indicate that despite the diversity of drones on the market, most of the researchers are using the same drone. Two options for using cameras in order to obtain infrared information were identified. Moreover, differences in the way that drones are used for monitoring turfgrass depending on the aspect of the area being monitored have been identified. Finally, we have indicated the current gaps in order to provide a comprehensive view of the existing situation and elucidate future trends of drone use in turfgrass management.

Keywords

Green areaLawnsMultispectral camerasProximal sensingRemote sensingUavs

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Drones due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position 15/65, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Remote Sensing.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-07-31:

  • WoS: 4
  • Scopus: 1

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-31:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 6.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 8 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.25.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 2 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Parra, Lorena) and Last Author (Lloret Mauri, Jaime).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Lloret Mauri, Jaime.