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Impact on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Analysis of institutional authors

Barros, Kayo SantanaCorresponding Author

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November 27, 2024
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Article

Chemical Composition Data of the Main Stages of Copper Production from Sulfide Minerals in Chile: A Review to Assist Circular Economy Studies

Publicated to: Minerals. 12 (2): 250- - 2022-02-01 12(2), DOI: 10.3390/min12020250

Authors:

Barros, Kayo Santana; Vielmo, Vicente Schaeffer; Moreno, Belen Garrido; Riveros, Gabriel; Cifuentes, Gerardo; Bernardes, Andrea Moura
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Affiliations

Fed Univ Rio Grande Sul UFRGS, Dept Mat Engn, Ave Bento Goncalves 9500, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil - Author
Transducto SA, Ave Dehesa 1201, Santiago 917021, Chile - Author
Univ Santiago Chile, Fac Ingn, Dept Ingn Met, Estac Cent, Ave Libertador Bernardo OHiggins 3363, Santiago 917022, Chile - Author
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Abstract

The mining industry has faced significant challenges to maintaining copper production technically, economically, and environmentally viable. Some of the major limitations that must be overcome in the coming years are the copper ore grade decline due to its intense exploitation, the increasing requirements for environmental protection, and the need to expand and construct new tailings dams. Furthermore, the risk of a supply crisis of critical metals, such as antimony and bismuth, has prompted efforts to increase their extraction from secondary resources in copper production. Therefore, improving conventional processes and developing new technologies is crucial to satisfying the world's metal demands, while respecting the policies of environmental organizations. Hence, it is essential that the chemical composition of each copper production stage is known for conducting these studies, which may be challenging due to the huge variability of concentration data concerning the ore extraction region, the process type, and the operational conditions. This paper presents a review of chemical composition data of the main stages of copper production from sulfide minerals, such as (1) copper minerals, (2) flotation tailings, (3) flotation concentrates, (4) slags and (5) flue dust from the smelting/converting stage, (6) copper anodes, (7) anode slimes, (8) contaminated electrolytes from the electrorefining stage, (9) electrolytes cleaned by ion-exchange resins, and (10) elution solutions from the resins. In addition, the main contributions of recent works on copper production are summarized herein. This study is focused on production sites from Chile since it is responsible for almost one-third of the world's copper production.
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Keywords

AntimonAntimonyBase metalsBi impuritiesChilean copper productionChuquicamataCopper electrorefiningElectrolyteFlotationHydrothermal purificationIndustry, innovation and infrastructureRecoverRemovalSmelter slagSolvent-extractionTailings

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Minerals due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2022, it was in position 8/20, thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Mining & Mineral Processing. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q2 para la agencia Scopus (SJR) en la categoría Geology.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 4.87. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 13, 2025)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 5.79 (source consulted: FECYT Mar 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2026-04-06, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 41
  • Scopus: 44
  • Open Alex: 27
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-06:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 126.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 126 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 4.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 2 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions on Wikipedia: 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
Continuing with the social impact of the work, it is important to emphasize that, due to its content, it can be assigned to the area of interest of ODS 9 - Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation, with a probability of 43% according to the mBERT algorithm developed by Aurora University.
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Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Brazil; Chile.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Santana Barros, Kayo) .

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Santana Barros, Kayo.

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Awards linked to the item

This research was funded by CNPq (Process 160320/2019-4), Cyted (Network 318RT0551), ERAMIN2 (Network Sb-RECMEMTEC, FINEP--Brazil, ANID--Chile, and AEI--Spain) and Direccion de Investigacion Cientifica y TecnolOgica (DICYT) of the Universidad de Santiago de Chile. This study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior--Brasil (CAPES)--Finance Code 001 (Process 88887.364537/2019-00).
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