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Grant support

Financial support from the Spanish Government (Projects PID2019-105391GB-C22, PID2022-1381890NB-I00, and PID2021-126075NB-I00 as well as fellowship PRE2020-093783, all funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and "ERDF A way of making Europe") and Generalitat Valenciana (Project S8772000) is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank Alejandro Cortes Villena and Julia Perez-Prieto for spectroscopic facilities.

Analysis of institutional authors

álvarez-Gutiérrez, DanielAuthorJimenez, M ConsueloCorresponding AuthorPérez-Ruiz, RaúlCorresponding Author

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December 29, 2024
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Asymmetric BODIPY Dyes Enabling Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion

Publicated to:Acs Applied Optical Materials. 2 (9): 1780-1789 - 2024-07-13 2(9), DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.4c00285

Authors: Alvarez-Gutierrez, Daniel; Sampedro, Diego; Jimenez, M Consuelo; Perez-Ruiz, Raul

Affiliations

Univ La Rioja, Inst Invest Quim Univ La Rioja IQUR, Dept Quim, Logrono 26006, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Quim, Valencia 46022, Spain - Author

Abstract

The construction of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) systems with upconversion (UC) emission efficiency at low power densities is still under continuing exploration. From an environmental point of view, the utilization of purely organic pairs is more beneficial than the involvement of transition-metal complexes. In this context, 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) dyes, which can be found in a wide range of applications, have been previously used as suitable sensitizers in TTA-UC systems. The versatility of these scaffolds makes them magnificent objectives for designing and synthesizing potential entities with different target abilities. Herein, we prepared several asymmetric BODIPY dyes with excellent optical properties to be applied to a bimolecular TTA-UC system. In the presence of 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (TBPe) as a suitable annihilator, a green-to-blue light conversion was clearly observed by means of detailed spectroscopic investigations. The results revealed a high UC emission efficiency (eta UC) of similar to 8%, together with a low threshold intensity (I th) of similar to 40-50 mW/cm2. All data indicated that these asymmetric BODIPY dyes were ideal sensitizers for TTA-UC, providing a particular design for further investigations.

Keywords

AsymmetricBodipysChromophoreLow-powerPhosphorescencePhoton upconversionTriplet-triplet annihilationTriplet−triplet annihilationVisible lighVisible light

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Acs Applied Optical Materials due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position 34/125, thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Optics. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q4 para la agencia Scopus (SJR) en la categoría .

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-07-16:

  • WoS: 1
  • Scopus: 1
  • Europe PMC: 1

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-16:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 1 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 2.85.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 5 (Altmetric).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Álvarez Gutiérrez, Daniel) and Last Author (Pérez Ruiz, Raul).

the authors responsible for correspondence tasks have been Jiménez Molero, María Consuelo and Pérez Ruiz, Raul.