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Analysis of institutional authors

Lloret, JaimeCorresponding Author

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January 20, 2025
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LEA-RPL: lightweight energy-aware RPL protocol for internet of things based on particle swarm optimization

Publicated to: TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS. 88 (1): 14- - 2025-03-01 88(1), DOI: 10.1007/s11235-024-01254-y

Authors:

Mokrani, S; Belkadi, M; Sadoun, T; Lloret, J; Aoudjit, R
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Affiliations

Mouloud Mammeri Univ Tizi Ouzou, LARI Lab, Tizi 15000, Algeria - Author
Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Invest Gest Integrada Zonas Costeras, Gandia 46730, Spain - Author

Abstract

This paper addresses the issue of quality of service routing optimization within the Internet of Things networks. We particularly focus on the energy-aware and the lightweight aspects. By recognizing the relationship between lightweight and energy-aware routing, we set out to study their combined benefits. This study aims to enhance the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks by integrating energy-awareness and lightweight characteristics based on the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Our approach addresses energy consumption, routing overhead and decision complexity in route establishment. The principal contributions include the introduction of an objective function that considers Expected Life Time, Delay and a new proposed metric Energy Aware-Expected Transmission Count. The improvement of the Long Short Term Memory predicting inertia weight based PSO with Online Gradient Descent that is used to optimize both the parent selection process and Trickle Timer mechanism. The controlled parent switching process to solve unnecessary and frequent changes. Our approach is validated through simulations in Contiki COOJA, with thorough comparisons with some existing protocols based on packet delivery ratio, average energy consumption, convergence time, control overhead, average end-to-end delay and average parent switching as performance metrics. The results reveal that our approach performs better. Depending on the protocol used for comparison, our approach reduced parent switching by 42.59-61.73%, convergence time by 20.31-66.06%, control overhead by 14.4-23.64%, energy consumption by 29.86-49.6%, end-to-end delay by 7.66-40.81% and increased packet delivery ratio by 2-42.92%.
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Keywords

Energy-awareInternet of thingsLightweightMechanismMobilitParticle swarm optimizatioQuality of serviceRoutingRouting protocol for low power and lossy networks

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2025, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q3 for the agency WoS (JCR) in the category Telecommunications.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2026-04-04:

  • WoS: 6
  • Scopus: 6
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-04:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 6 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
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    Leadership analysis of institutional authors

    This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Algeria; Mali.

    the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Lloret Mauri, Jaime.

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    Awards linked to the item

    This work has been funded by the "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad" through the Project TED2021-131040B-C31.
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