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Optimizing bathymetric position index (BPI) calculation: An analysis of parameters and recommendations for the selection of their optimal values

Publicated to:Applied Computing And Geosciences. 23 100168- - 2024-06-07 23(), DOI: 10.1016/j.acags.2024.100168

Authors: Mena, A; Fernandez-Salas, L M

Affiliations

Ctr Oceanog Cadiz, Inst Espanol Oceanog, CSIC, Puerto Pesquero,S-N Muelle de Levante, Cadiz 11006, Spain - Author

Abstract

The present research paper addresses a critical gap in existing literature concerning the absence of a standardized methodology for parameter selection in the computation of the Bathymetric Position Index (BPI) values. The BPI is a measure of where a georeferenced location, with a defined depth, is relative to the neighbouring seascape, and it plays a significant role in characterizing benthic terrain for modelling and classification. Arguably, the two most important parameters when calculating the BPI are the size and the shape of the neighbourhood of analysis. With regards to the radius parameter, which defines the size of the neighbourhood, the optimal radius value for calculating the BPI must be carefully chosen, considering both the size of the target morphology and the scale factor, which is equal to the radius in map units multiplied by the cell size. It is recommended that the optimal radius value should closely match the size of the target morphology. Tests were performed using an annular neighbourhood shape and they have revealed that the outer radius is the most influential factor in the BPI calculation. Further experimentations and comparisons between circular and annular shapes have indicated that the use of different shapes has no significant impact on the results. The study has found no substantial correlation between the BPI values and other examined terrain variables, such as depth, slope, and curvature. This lack of correlation may be attributed to the BPI values accounting for the specific neighbourhood size, while for the studied variables the default window size was used, which is a considerably smaller scale than the ones used in most BPI calculations. In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of parameter selection in BPI calculations and provides valuable insights into the optimal radius choice and the negligible impact of neighbourhood shape. The findings also shed light on the unique nature of BPI values and their relationship with other geospatial variables.

Keywords

Annulus shapeBathymetric position index (bpi)Geospatial analysiHabitat suitabilityLidaLocal neighbourhood parametersMorphological variables influenceOptimal radius valuesPredictionTerrain

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Applied Computing And Geosciences due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position 82/170, thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q2 para la agencia Scopus (SJR) en la categoría Computer Science (Miscellaneous).

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-06-27:

  • WoS: 3
  • Scopus: 3

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-27:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 8.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 8 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 6.4.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 9 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Mena Villalobos, Alberto) .

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Mena Villalobos, Alberto.