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Grant support

This research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencias e Innovacion through project reference PID2021-125812OB-C21. The author C. Carvallo thanks the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for his postdoctoral contract (PAID-10-22) which is included within the framework of Programa de Apoyo para la Investigacion y Desarrollo. Also thanks the "Conselleria de Innovacion, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital (Program PROMETEO) -Referencia CIPROM/2022/24". Finally, the collaboration of Jose Enrique del Rey Garcia, Omar Huerta Cornejo and Sergi Soro in the laboratory work and the setup of the hardware is greatly thanked.

Analysis of institutional authors

Payri, RaulAuthorGimeno, JaimeAuthorCarvallo, CesarCorresponding Author

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May 23, 2025
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GDI spray wall impingement against a heated and instrumented wall

Publicated to:Experimental Thermal And Fluid Science. 166 111475- - 2025-07-01 166(), DOI: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111475

Authors: Payri, Raul; Salvador, Francisco Javier; Gimeno, Jaime; Carvallo, Cesar

Affiliations

Univ Politecn Valencia, CMT Clean Mobil & Thermofluids, Valencia 46022, Spain - Author

Abstract

Spray-wall interaction (SWI) is critical in the atomization, mixing, and combustion behavior of fuels and the formation of pollutant emissions. These elusive effects impact internal combustion engine performance and other engineering applications such as spray-induced cooling, painting, and solid deposit control. As a result, spray wall interactions are an active area of research. This article aims to use a thermoregulated steel wall to study the spray-wall interaction phenomenon. A multi-hole injector manufactured by Continental was used. Isooctane was employed as the injected fuel, and the wall was positioned at one distance from the injector tip and one inclination angle, changing the wall surface temperature, the injection pressure, the ambient back pressure, the ambient temperature, and the fuel temperature. The spray-wall heat transfer is analyzed, and the heat flux is measured by employing high-speed thermocouples fitted in the wall and using a onedimensional transient wall heat model. The ambient and wall temperatures highly affect the amount of liquid in the spray. By increasing both temperatures, a lesser amount of liquid was found. For the range evaluated in the experimental campaign, the results revealed a significant increase in surface heat flow and wall temperature variance with both wall and fuel temperatures and the ambient temperature, but to a lesser extent.

Keywords

Butanol/dieselCombustionDieselGdi wall impingemenImpacOptical techniquesParametersSpray-wall interactionSurface heat flux

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Experimental Thermal And Fluid Science due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2025, it was in position 23/79, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Thermodynamics.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-07-23:

  • WoS: 1

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Payri Marín, Raúl) and Last Author (Carvallo García, César Leonardo).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Carvallo García, César Leonardo.