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November 20, 2025
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The moderating role of adopting SDGs on the effective tax rate: the case of Spanish SMEs

Publicated to: Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting-Revista Espanola de Financiacion y Contabilida. - 2025-11-12 (), DOI: 10.1080/02102412.2025.2583747

Authors:

Merello; P; Blazquez-Soriano; A; Barbera; A; Peña-Ortiz; R
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Affiliations

Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria Educ Cultura & Deporte, Valencia, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Econ & Social Sci, Valencia, Spain - Author
Univ Valencia, Dept Accounting, Valencia, Spain - Author
Univ Valencia, Dept Comp, Valencia, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Eurozone countries use tax policies as their main economic tool. In the post-COVID-19 context, Next-Generation EU funds supported tax rate adjustments and sustainable development through business practices related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In Spain, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) comprise most of the country's productive system. Given their relevant role in the economy, it is important to understand their behaviour in relation to SDGs and how their commitment to them impacts their effective tax rate (ETR). This paper provides evidence on Spanish SMEs regarding the significant relationship between their effective tax burden and their engagement with SDGs in the years between 2021 and 2023. The work contributes to the literature on the ETR as it considers new determinants (adopting SDGs, approached by their reporting), and aims to help regulators design company incentives and highlights to firms the benefits of sustainable practices and transparent SDG reporting.
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Keywords

CsrDeterminantsEffective tax rateEtrH20Listed companiesM14M21M41SdgsSmesSustainability reporting

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting-Revista Espanola de Financiacion y Contabilida due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Dialnet (Dialnet Métricas). In the year of publication of the work, 2025, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil).

Notably, the journal is positioned in the Quartile Q3 for the agency WoS (JCR), in the category Business, Finance, in the Quartile Q3 for the agency Scopus (SJR), in the category Finance, classified as B in other national agencies such as CIRC.

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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-04:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 5.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 5 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 2 (Altmetric).
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Leadership analysis of institutional authors

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Blázquez-Soriano, Amparo.

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Awards linked to the item

The work was supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion under Research Project [PID2020-117792RA-I00].
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