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Analysis of institutional authors

Benet Morera, IreneAuthor

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March 6, 2026
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The modern garden in German schools in Spain and Portugal. Rubió i Tudurí at the Deutsche Schule Valencia.

Publicated to: 1194-1202 - 2022-01-01 (), DOI:

Authors:

Benet Morera, Irene
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Abstract

At the end of the 19th century, German schools were founded in Spain and Portugal. Their primary objective was to keep the descendants of the German colonies in contact with the cultural values of their nationality, without excluding Spanish pupils from gaining knowledge of these values. After the Spanish Civil War, many schools renovated their premises and new buildings were constructed in accordance with the canons of German educational architecture, created in the architectural trend of the Modern Movement. They were designed by the Bundesbaudirektion in Berlin, and a kontakt architekt was appointed in the city of destination to direct the work. This German–Spanish collaboration led to the involvement of local technicians, including landscape architects and garden designers. These groups of buildings are generally located in an open area, isolated constructions, with no party walls, where the garden or green area occupies a large part of the surface area and, in new forms for a new architecture, modern gardens are planned. The uniqueness of the spaces that are generated between blocks of each school building gives rise to water features or even fountains that are designed as works of art. The permeability of these gardens often flows between the ground floor from the street to the private courtyard of the kindergartens, essential elements in German schools, where open–air education is promoted. From the letters between Pablo Navarro, chief architect of the Bundesbaudirektion in Valencia, and the Catalan landscape architect Nicolau–Marià Rubió i Tudurí, the project for the garden, which was designed to give continuity to the large block occupied by the volumes designed in Germany, was drawn in an unpublished form. This was the first school that Rubió i Tudurí designed in this city according to the canons of what we call a modern garden.
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Quality index

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Benet Morera, Irene) .

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