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Cabrera Fausto, IvanDirector

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Estructuras prefabricadas y modulares para ampliación vertical de edificios residenciales existentes

Fecha de lectura: 2024-09-02 Centro: | ID: 10251/207110

Autor/a: Piqueras Blasco, Maria

Director/a: Cabrera Fausto, Ivan

Resumen

[EN] Throughout history, migratory population movements have always been a constant. But it is those brought about by the First and Second Industrial Revolutions and post-World War II developmentalism that will generate major urban changes in cities. Mass migration from rural areas to urban areas, together with the absorption of nearby populations, led to the emergence of the first metropolises. As a result, the first urban development plans and the first urban extensions will emerge. Although the first planning regulations proposed defined grids and geometries, subsequent modifications and speculation have sometimes substantially modified the original conception of these historic neighbourhoods. Similarly, the ageing of the population and the lack of resources have contributed to the deterioration of many of these residential buildings. Consequently, the visual disorder, the degradation of the constructive elements and the lack of maintenance often highlight the need for urban renewal of the architectural heritage. But the process of migration to the cities, far from stopping, is continuing. It is now also necessary to develop new housing stock to cope with the growing demand for housing. Thus, this context has led to a strategy of expansion in the areas of the nineteenth-century and first half of the twentieth century. One possibility is the extension in height of residential units that have not yet exhausted their buildability. Similarly, the current climate crisis is causing us to rethink our approach to housing design. That is why prefabricated and modular construction has become the core of the building model to address these emerging needs. In this doctoral thesis, the main development consists of a comparison and analysis of prefabricated and modular structures that house these new dwellings in pre-existing buildings in the Eixample area of the city of Valencia, which is taken as a case study, taking into account the structural characteristics of this type of construction and its interaction with the new structure. The research carried out aims to establish an approximate sequence to this new phenomenon from the broadest, such as the city, to the most concrete, such as the structural validation of a housing model. To do this, it has been necessary to make a comparative matrix between different modular and lightweight structures, which scores multiple essential requirements for vertical extension. From all of them, the best scoring ones have been chosen, structurally modelled and the results compared. In this way, the models finally compared were the steel portal frame systems and the cross-laminated timber panel systems. Finally, in order to guarantee the applicability of the new body and to ensure the integrity of the existing building, a structural study has been carried out on how both structures interact. Based on a numerical model made with Finite Elements for the modelling of the existing building, a linear analysis for gravity loads has been carried out, as well as a non-linear material calculation. The results obtained in these analyses provide us with information on the structural behaviour, the possible collapse mechanisms and the vulnerability of the system. This results in the premises to be taken into account for the vertical extension of existing residential buildings. (Summary)

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