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Ferri Azor, José MiguelDirectorFombuena Borrás, VicentDirector

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Desarrollo de nuevos materiales poliméricos y compuestos ecoeficientes basados en principios activos provenientes de la nuez de Brasil

Fecha de lectura: 2024-09-02 Centro: | ID: 10251/207356

Autor/a: Pérez Nakai, Aina

Director/a: Fombuena Borrás, Vicent ; Ferri Azor, José Miguel

Resumen

[EN] Growing awareness of the environmental impact of polymers has prompted the implementation of new legislation promoting the adoption of sustainable alternatives in the field of bioplastics. In this context, the search for and development of materials that reduce dependence on renewable resources and promote sustainability has become a key priority. This approach contributes to the mitigation of the negative effects of conventional plastics on the environment, encouraging the adoption of more environmentally friendly solutions, which is a central theme in this PhD thesis. In this context of the search for and development of sustainable alternatives in polymer production, Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) emerges as a particularly relevant resource never before explored for this field of research. Its potential as a source of raw materials for the production of bioplastics has gained significant notoriety due to its chemical composition. The Brazil nut is characterized by its abundance of oils, proteins and carbohydrates, and is particularly notable for its oil content, which ranges from 60.8% to 72.5%. This high percentage of oils and fatty acids is the focal point of interest in this thesis, aimed at its application in various industrial spheres. The oil extracted from Brazil nut presents a combination of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid esters bound to glycerol molecules. The presence of functional groups, such as hydroxyl, double bonds and carboxylic groups on oleic and linoleic acids (main components of the oil), offer multiple possibilities of chemical transformation to adapt it to a new range of bio-based materials. In this thesis, the use of Brazil nut oil in the field of bioplastics and sustainable materials development is carried out for the first time. Firstly, the use of this oil as a plasticizer in polylactic acid (PLA) is of particular interest. PLA is a widely used bioplastic, but often presents challenges in terms of flexibility and toughness. The addition of chemically modified Brazil nut oil as a plasticizer can significantly improve the mechanical properties of PLA, giving it increased flexibility and fracture toughness. This is especially relevant in applications where ductile properties are required, such as flexible packaging and single-use products, contributing to increase the demand for bio-based and/or biodegradable plastics. On the other hand, the inclusion of Brazil nut oil in the production of thermosets with high environmental performance is also being explored. By incorporating Brazil nut oil as a matrix of these thermosets, it is possible to obtain products with a high content of renewable origin, reducing dependence on non-renewable resources such as petrochemical polymers. In summary, this PhD thesis has explored the innovative potential of Brazil nut in the field of biopolymers. By using its oil as a plasticizer and in the production of thermosets, new avenues of research and development are opened in the search for sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions in the polymeric materials industry. These advances demonstrate the potential of Brazil nut as a valuable resource in the creation of advanced materials. (Summary)

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