This research was funded in the framework of UNEP's International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO). We thank E. Nisbet and D. Zavala-Araiza for comments on the paper; and A. Sundberg from the Swedish Coast Guard (Kustbevakningen) for providing us with sea foam patch diameter measurements for the NS1A and northern NS2A leak sites. We thank the Danish Energy Agency (Energistyrelsen) for supplying information on pipeline pressures. The CATHARE code (https://cathare.cea.fr) is developed by the CEA in the framework of the NEPTUNE project, supported by the CEA, EDF (Electricity of France), FRAMATOME and IRSN (French Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety Institute). B.Y.Q., L.C.B. and M.M. thank Alseamar for loan of the Franatech METS sensor and J. Gronemann at Franatech for support in processing the methane data. B.Y.Q.'s time was funded by the Voice of the Ocean Foundation, EU GROOM II grant (ID 951842), and Swedish Formas grant 2022-01536. Operation of DE-SOOP-Finnmaid was supported through ICOS by the German Federal Ministries for Education and Research (BMBF) and Digital and Transport (BMDV). The University of Gothenburg provided funding for ship time aboard the RV Skagerak. IASI retrievals used in inversion 1 were produced using JASMIN, the UK collaborative data analysis facility. Development of the version of RAL's IASI retrieval scheme from which Nord Stream methane data were produced was funded through UK NCEO and ESA's Methane+ project (ESA contract number 4000129987/20/I-DT). M.D. was in part funded through the ESA MethaneCAMP project. Inversion 1 model simulations were carried out using ARC4, part of the High-Performance Computing facilities at the University of Leeds, UK. EUMETSAT provided data for MetOp-B IASI, MHS and AMSU-A data, and ECMWF provided meteorological data used in inversion 1. Inversion 1 work was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council through its grants to the UK National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO; NERC grant numbers NE/R016518/1 and NE/N018079/1). HELiPOD measurements in October 2022 were partly funded by UNEP's IMEO, partly by DLR, and the measurements in November 2022 were funded by the German Research Foundation under grant LA 2907/19-1. Work conducted as part of the inversion 2 analysis was funded by ReGAME (NFR 325610), ICOS (NFR 296012) and EYE-clima (Horizon Europe 101081395). I. Pisso and S.E. acknowledge funding from Reduch4e (NKL-2304). Inversion 3 analysis was supported by BMDV with HoTC (grant 50EW2013A) and by BMBF with ITMS (grant 01LK2102B). Y.Z. acknowledges funding by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFE0209100) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42275112).