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Acknowledgments This work has been partially supported by grant PID2020-119691RB-100 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.

Analysis of institutional authors

Macian, VicenteAuthorTormos, BernardoAuthorBalaguer, AdbeelCorresponding Author

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October 10, 2024
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Application assessment of UV-vis and NIR spectroscopy for the quantification of fuel dilution problems on used engine oils

Publicated to:Fuel. 333 126350- - 2023-02-01 333(), DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126350

Authors: Macian, Vicente; Tormos, Bernardo; Garcia-Barbera, Antonio; Balaguer, Adbeel

Affiliations

Univ Politecn Valencia, CMT Motores Term, Valencia, Spain - Author

Abstract

Fuel dilution in engine oil is a frequent problem in internal combustion engines (ICE); its main consequence is the reduction of the oil viscosity, decreasing lubrication film strength, and causing a negative impact on friction and wear. The standard and more precise methods for assessing fuel content in oil are based on chromatographic analysis (e.g., ASTM D3524, ASTM D7593), requiring high-cost equipment and highly qualified personnel. This work performed a study to propose an alternative method for quantifying diesel fuel dilution in used engine oil by UV-vis and NIR spectroscopy. The samples for the study were prepared from used oil from six different ve-hicles with various mileages. According to the results obtained in this study, NIR spectroscopy proved to be the most suitable method for the quantification of diesel fuel in used engine oils. Furthermore, the use of NIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate calibration methods could predict the fuel concentration of the samples used for validating the model. The best predictive model for the quantification was obtained by Partial Least Squares Regression, which achieved a Root Mean Squared Error of prediction of 0.436% and a coefficient of determination of 0.9435. In comparison, the parameters for Principal Component Regression were 1.049% and 0.8441, respectively.

Keywords

% reductionsApplication assessmentsBiodieselBlendChromatographic analysisDiesel enginesDiesel fuelsEngine oilEngine oil analysisFuel dilutionGas chromatographyLeast squares approximationsLubricating oilsMean square errorNear infrared spectroscopyNir spectroscopyQuantificationSpectrum analysisUsed engine oilUv-visible spectroscopUv-visible spectroscopyUv/ vis spectroscopyUv–visible spectroscopy

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Fuel due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 23/170, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Engineering, Chemical.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 1.97, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-16, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 5
  • Scopus: 4

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-16:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 25.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 26 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 0.5.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Guardiola García, Carlos) and Last Author (Balaguer Reyes, Adbeel).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Balaguer Reyes, Adbeel.