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Grant support

This work was supported by the grant PID2020-117056RB-I00, which was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe" . Grant PRE2021-097197 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by FSE + .

Impact on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Analysis of institutional authors

Negrin, IvanAuthorPayá-Zaforteza, IgnacioAuthorYepes, VíctorAuthor

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October 10, 2024
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Hybrid steel girders: Review, advantages and new horizons in research and applications

Publicated to:Journal Of Constructional Steel Research. 207 107976- - 2023-08-01 207(), DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2023.107976

Authors: Terreros-Bedoya, Agusztine; Negrin, Ivan; Paya-Zaforteza, Ignacio; Yepes, Victor

Affiliations

Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Concrete Sci & Technol ICITECH, Valencia 46022, Spain - Author

Abstract

Although it is still common practice to use homogeneous steel girders (same yield strength in the flanges and web), implementing hybrid configurations seems to be an excellent alternative to improve the performance and sustainability of this type of structural element. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge on hybrid steel girders. The objective is to improve our understanding of this inno-vative and sustainable alternative to traditional homogeneous steel elements, with a focus on updating the theoretical basis for future design projects. The study analyzes 128 publications, from which information is extracted on five categorical variables, reflecting the current situation of hybrid elements. In addition to studying each variable separately and highlighting the most relevant research to date, a more in-depth statistical analysis is performed. It is based on simple correspondence analysis, which allows identifying the underlying relation-ships among the variables. Results summarize the design methods implemented to calculate these structures. Furthermore, the recommended hybrid ratios to achieve the best performance are presented. However, it is found that there are gaps in the research. Consequently, several promising lines of investigation are proposed.

Keywords

Aashto lrfd specificationsBuckling behaviorComposite beamsDesigFlexural behaviorHigh -strength steeHigh-strengthHigh-strength steelHybrid girderHybrid ratioI-girdersIndustry, innovation and infrastructurePlate girdersShear interactionState-of-the-artTension field actionYield strength

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Journal Of Constructional Steel Research due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 32/182, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Engineering, Civil.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.41. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 5.26 (source consulted: Dimensions Aug 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-08-15, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 10
  • Scopus: 9

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-08-15:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 26.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 27 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.35.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 2 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

Continuing with the social impact of the work, it is important to emphasize that, due to its content, it can be assigned to the area of interest of ODS 9 - Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation, with a probability of 0% according to the mBERT algorithm developed by Aurora University.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Terreros-Bedoya, Agusztine) and Last Author (Yepes Piqueras, Víctor).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Terreros-Bedoya, Agusztine.