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Grant support

This research is supported by Spanish Science and Innovation Directorate Project No. AYA2010-18706. The authors greatly appreciate the efforts of the IGS, Analysis and Data Centers, and tracking station managers for generating high-quality data and products and for making them available to the GNSS community in a timely and reliable way. The authors would like to thank Alvaro Mozo and Ricardo Piriz from GMV Aerospace for the free use of the online software MagicGNSS and their valuable comments on how MagicGNSS works. The three anonymous reviewers are kindly acknowledged for their contribution to the improvement of the paper with their valuable comments and suggestions.

Analysis of institutional authors

Anquela, A BAuthorMartin, ACorresponding AuthorPadin, JAuthor

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October 12, 2024
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GPS and GLONASS Static and Kinematic PPP Results

Publicated to:Journal Of Surveying Engineering. 139 (1): 47-58 - 2013-02-01 139(1), DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000091

Authors: Anquela, A B; Martin, A; Berne, J L; Padin, J

Affiliations

Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Cartog Engn Geodesy & Photogrammetry, Valencia 46022, Spain - Author

Abstract

Precise point positioning (PPP) involves observations from a single global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver and benefits of satellite orbit and clock products obtained from the global infrastructure of permanent stations. PPP avoids the expense and logistic difficulties of deploying a network of GNSS receivers around survey areas in isolated places, such as the arctic or less populated areas. Potential accuracies are at the centimeter level for static applications and at the subdecimeter level for kinematic applications. Static and kinematic PPP based on the processing of global positioning system (GPS) observations is limited by the number of visible satellites, which is often insufficient for urban or mountain applications, or it can be partially obstructed or present multipath effects. Even if a number of GPS satellites are available, the accuracy and reliability can still be affected by poor satellite geometry. One possible way of increasing satellite signal availability and positioning reliability is to integrate GPS and GLONASS observations. This case study deals with the possibilities of combining GPS and GLONASS dual-frequency measurements on the static and kinematic PPP solution to reduce the convergence time and improve the accuracy of the solution. The results show that the addition of the GLONASS constellation does not always improve the convergence of static PPP; the kinematic results (car and walk trajectories) present better accuracy from the GPS + GLONASS solution rather than the GPS-only solution. The MagicGNSS software was used in processing of all observations. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000091. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Keywords

Accuracy assessmentError analysisError correctionGlobal infrastructureGlobal navigation satellite systemsGlobal positioning systemGlonasGlonassGnssGpsKinematic applicationKinematicsLogisticsModelMulti-path effectObservational methodPrecisePrecise point positioningPrecisionReal timeReliability analysisRemote sensingSatellite dataSatellite geometrySatellites

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Journal Of Surveying Engineering due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2013, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Civil and Structural Engineering.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 6.5, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-05, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 30
  • Scopus: 34

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-05:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 63.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 63 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 0.25.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Anquela Julián, Ana Belén) and Last Author (Padin Devesa, Jorge).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Martín Furones, Ángel Esteban.