{rfName}
Op

Indexed in

License and use

Citations

14

Altmetrics

Grant support

The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad through project TRA2016-78717-R.

Analysis of institutional authors

Lujan, JmAuthorGuardiola, CAuthorPlá, BAuthorReig, ACorresponding Author

Share

October 30, 2024
Publications
>
Article
No

Optimal control of a turbocharged direct injection diesel engine by direct method optimization

Publicated to:International Journal Of Engine Research. 20 (6): 640-652 - 2019-08-01 20(6), DOI: 10.1177/1468087418772231

Authors: Manuel Lujan, Jose; Guardiola, Carlos; Pla, Benjamin; Reig, Alberto

Affiliations

Univ Politecn Valencia, CMT Motores Term, Camino Vera S-N - Author

Abstract

This work studies the effect and performance of an optimal control strategy on engine fuel efficiency and pollutant emissions. An accurate mean value control-oriented engine model has been developed and experimental validation on a wide range of operating conditions was carried out. A direct optimization method based on Euler's collocation scheme is used in combination with the above model in order to address the optimal control of the engine. This optimization method provides the optimal trajectories of engine controls (fueling rate, exhaust gas recirculation valve position, variable turbine geometry position and start of injection) to reproduce a predefined route (speed trajectory including variable road grade), minimizing fuel consumption with limited NOx emissions and a low soot stamp. This optimization procedure is performed for a set of different NOx emission limits in order to analyze the trade-off between optimal fuel consumption and minimum emissions. Optimal control strategies are validated in an engine test bench and compared against engine factory calibration. Experimental results show that significant improvements in both fuel efficiency and emissions reduction can be achieved with optimal control strategy. Fuel savings at about 4% and less than half of the factory NOx emissions were measured in the actual engine, while soot generation was still low. Experimental results and optimal control trajectories are thoroughly analyzed, identifying the different strategies that allowed those performance improvements.

Keywords

Diesel enginesDirect injectionDirect injection diesel enginesDirect optimizationDirect optimization methodEconomic and social effectsEfficiencyEmission controlExhaust gas recirculationExhaust gas recirculation valvesExhaust gasesExhaust-gas recirculationExperimental validationExperimental validationsFuel economyFuelsInternal combustion engineInternal combustion enginesNox emissionsOptimal controlOptimal control systemsOptimal controlsOptimal fuel consumptionPerformance improvementsPressureReduced fuel consumptionSootTrajectories

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal International Journal Of Engine Research due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2019, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Aerospace Engineering. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 1.49, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-16, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 7
  • Scopus: 6

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-16:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 16.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 16 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 0.25.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Lujan Martinez, José Manuel) and Last Author (Reig Fabado, Antonio).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Reig Fabado, Antonio.