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This work has been supported by Saudi Aramco, by the Spanish Government-MICINN through "Severo Ochoa" (SEV-2016-0683) and RTI2018-101033-B-I00, and by Generalitat Valenciana (AICO/2019/060). We thank the Electron Microscopy Service of the UPV for their help in sample characterization.

Analysis of institutional authors

Del Campo, PAuthorNavarro, MtAuthorMartinez, CCorresponding AuthorCorma, ACorresponding Author

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October 30, 2024
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Propene Production by Butene Cracking. Descriptors for Zeolite Catalysts

Publicated to:Acs Catalysis. 10 (20): 11878-11891 - 2020-10-16 10(20), DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02799

Authors: del Campo, Pablo; Navarro, M Teresa; Shaikh, Sohel K; Khokhar, Munir D; Aljumah, Furqan; Martinez, Cristina; Corma, Avelino

Affiliations

Saudi Aramco, Res & Dev Ctr - Author
Univ Politecn Valencia, CSIC, Inst Tecnol Quim - Author

Abstract

Among the possible on-purpose technologies for propene production, direct conversion of butene-rich fractions to propene represents an attractive alternative to conventional routes such as steam cracking or fluid catalytic cracking. Here, we present an approach for designing an efficient ZSM-5-based catalyst for the selective cracking of butenes to propene by properly balancing diffusional and compositional effects. Instead of the large coffin-shaped ZSM-5 crystallites with very high Si/Al ratios generally reported, the optimal catalyst in terms of propene selectivity and catalyst life was found to be a ZSM-5 zeolite with a squared morphology, submicron-sized crystals (0.8 x 0.3 x 1.0 mu m), and a Si/Al molar ratio of around 300. For this crystal conformation, the short dimensions of both sinusoidal and straight channels facilitate propene diffusion and reduce its consumption in consecutive reactions, limiting the formation of C5+ oligomers and aromatics and maximizing propene selectivity. Coffin-type ZSM-5 crystals, with higher diffusional restrictions than square-shaped crystals, show faster catalyst deactivation than the latter, independently of the crystal size and Al content. However, among the ZSM-5 zeolite crystallites with a coffin morphology, the one presenting intergrowths on the (010) face, with a larger proportion of sinusoidal channels, shows a lower aromatic selectivity and deactivation rate, whereas the other two, with straight channels open to the clean (010) faces, favor the formation of aromatics by direct cyclization-dehydrogenation of oligomeric intermediates.

Keywords

AromatizationButene catalytic crackingButenesCatalyst deactivationCatalyst selectivityCompositional effectsConsecutive reactionCrystal conformationCrystallite sizeCrystallitesCrystalsDeactivation rateFluid catalytic crackingMolar ratioMorphologyOligomersPropenePropene productionPropene selectivityPropyleneSelective crackingsSiliconSinusoidal channelsSteam crackingZeolite compositionZeolitesZsm-5 zeolite

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Acs Catalysis due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2020, it was in position 15/162, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Chemistry, Physical. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.5. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 1.17 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 7.43 (source consulted: Dimensions Sep 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-09-02, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 49
  • Scopus: 43

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-09-02:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 44.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 44 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 0.5.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 2 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Saudi Arabia.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Del Campo Huertas, Pablo) and Last Author (Corma Canós, Avelino).

the authors responsible for correspondence tasks have been Martínez Hinarejos, Carlos David and Corma Canós, Avelino.