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García P.AuthorGarcia, PedroAuthor

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Disturbance Observer-Based Controllers: operating principles and design strategies

Publicated to:Revista Iberoamericana De Automatica E Informatica Industrial. 19 (4): 343-355 - 2022-01-01 19(4), DOI: 10.4995/RIAI.2022.16856

Authors: Castillo, Alberto; Garcia, Pedro; Albertos, Pedro

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Abstract

During the past decades, the scientific interest on the linear disturbance observer-based controllers has notably increased, mainly, due to their good properties for handling changes or uncertainties in the systems. In this tutorial, these type of controllers are reviewed by analyzing their characteristic elements -which are: i) the disturbed models, ii) the disturbance observer algorithms, and iii) the feedback control-laws- as well as their main design-techniques. Some aspects of the control theory that motivate and support the use of these regulators are also described, including: the model uncertainties, its relevance within the robust control paradigm, and the capability of the disturbed models to handle uncertainties. The tutorial concludes with an ilustrative example on the closed-loop glucose control for diabetic people (artificial pancreas).

Keywords

Artificial organsArtificial pancreasAssignmentCharacteristic elementsControllersDelaDiagnosisDisturbance observerDisturbance observer-based controllerDisturbance observer-based controllersFault-detectionLinear disturbanceLinear-systemsLqLqrMimo systemsObserver algorithmsObserver-based controllersOptimal controlOptimal controlsParadigmPropertyRejection controlRobust controlRobust-controlStateUncertain systemsUncertaintyUncertainty analysis

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Revista Iberoamericana De Automatica E Informatica Industrial, and although the journal is classified in the quartile Q4 (Agencia WoS (JCR)), its regional focus and specialization in Robotics, give it significant recognition in a specific niche of scientific knowledge at an international level.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-06-05:

  • WoS: 6
  • Scopus: 6
  • OpenCitations: 4

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-05:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 10.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 9 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 2 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Additionally, the work has been submitted to a journal classified as Diamond in relation to this type of editorial policy.