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October 30, 2024
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Whole-Genome Identification of APX and CAT Gene Families in Cultivated and Wild Soybeans and Their Regulatory Function in Plant Development and Stress Response

Publicated to: Antioxidants. 11 (8): 1626- - 2022-08-01 11(8), DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081626

Authors:

Aleem, M; Aleem, S; Sharif, I; Aleem, M; Shahzad, R; Khan, MI; Batool, A; Sarwar, G; Farooq, J; Iqbal, A; Jan, BL; Kaushik, P; Feng, XZ; Bhat, JA; Ahmad, P
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Affiliations

Ayub Agr Res Inst, Agr Biotechnol Res Inst - Author
Ayub Agr Res Inst, Cotton Res Stn - Author
Barani Agr Res Stn - Author
Chinese Acad Sci, Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol, Key Lab Soybean Mol Design Breeding - Author
GDC, Dept Bot - Author
Jiangsu Univ, Int Genome Ctr, Zhenjiang 212013 - Author
King Saud Univ, Dept Clin Pharm, Coll Pharm - Author
Univ Agr Faisalabad, Ctr Adv Studies Agr & Food Secur CAS AFS - Author
Univ Agr Faisalabad, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet - Author
Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Conservac & Mejora Agrodiversidad Valenciana - Author
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Abstract

Plants coevolved with their antioxidant defense systems, which detoxify and adjust levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under multiple plant stresses. We performed whole-genome identification of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) families in cultivated and wild soybeans. In cultivated and wild soybean genomes, we identified 11 and 10 APX genes, respectively, whereas the numbers of identified CAT genes were four in each species. Comparative phylogenetic analysis revealed more homology among cultivated and wild soybeans relative to other legumes. Exon/intron structure, motif and synteny blocks are conserved in cultivated and wild species. According to the Ka/Ks value, purifying selection is a major force for evolution of these gene families in wild soybean; however, the APX gene family was evolved by both positive and purifying selection in cultivated soybean. Segmental duplication was a major factor involved in the expansion of APX and CAT genes. Expression patterns revealed that APX and CAT genes are differentially expressed across fourteen different soybean tissues under water deficit (WD), heat stress (HS) and combined drought plus heat stress (WD + HS). Altogether, the current study provides broad insights into these gene families in soybeans. Our results indicate that APX and CAT gene families modulate multiple stress response in soybeans.
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Keywords

Ascorbate peroxidaseCatalase genesCatalyzeDroughtExpression patternsGG. maxG. sojaLeaf senescenceLegumesMaxPredictionSelectionSequenceSojaToleranceTranscription factors

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Antioxidants due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2022, it was in position 13/142, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Food Science & Technology. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.18. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 13, 2025)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 1.16 (source consulted: FECYT Mar 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2026-04-03, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 14
  • Scopus: 14
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-03:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 21 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
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Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: China; India; Pakistan; Saudi Arabia.

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