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This work is part of the AGL-2013-45147-R funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Madrid. Spain). The authors thank the 'Program of Support for Research and Development' (PAID-2014, UPV) for support P. Quintanilla PhD studies at Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.

Analysis of institutional authors

Carmen Beltran, MaAuthorPenis, BernardoAuthorRodriguez, MartinAuthorPilar Molina, MaCorresponding Author

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Article

Antibiotic residues in milk and cheeses after the off-label use of macrolides in dairy goats

Publicated to:Small Ruminant Research. 167 55-60 - 2018-12-01 167(), DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.08.008

Authors: Quintanilla, Paloma; Carmen Beltran, Ma; Penis, Bernardo; Rodriguez, Martin; Pilar Molina, Ma

Affiliations

Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Anim Sci & Technol, Camino Vera S-N, E-46022 Valencia, Spain - Author

Abstract

The limited availability of drugs registered for dairy goats makes veterinarians prescribe off-label treatments with a legally established minimum safety period of seven days. The aim of this work was to verify if the exceptional use of macrolide antibiotics in dairy goats generates residues in milk and cheeses within that period. Hence, three macrolide drugs (erythromycin, tylosin and spiramycin) were administred in an in vivo experiment in dairy goats. Ripened cheeses were made from bulk milk obtained before drug administration, 24 h after treatment, and at the end of the recommended withdrawal period. Residual amounts of erythromycin (234.9 +/- 52.7 mu g/kg), tylosin (198.7 +/- 57.8 mu g/kg) and spiramycin (1539.8 +/- 469.4 mu g/kg), widely exceeding their legal maximum residue limits (MRLs) established, were detected in milk collected 24 h after treatment, making the cheese production in most cases impossible. After the seven-day period, only spiramycin was detected in goat's milk (79.6 +/- 19.2 mu g/kg) although no antibiotic residues were found in the cheeses. A withdrawal time of seven days seems suitable to guarantee milk safety after the administration of erythromycin and tylosin without any negative effects neither on the milk nor on the and cheese properties. However, given the rapid elimination of these substances, a shorter withdrawal period might be considered. For spiramycin, persisting in milk for a longer period, further studies on its pharmacokinetics in dairy goats would be recommendable to avoid a potential risk to consumer health.

Keywords

AntibioticsGoat cheesGoat cheeseGoat's milkGoat’s milkMacrolideMacrolidesPharmacokineticsProteolysisTulathromycinTylosi

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Small Ruminant Research due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2018, it was in position 30/61, thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q2 para la agencia Scopus (SJR) en la categoría Animal Science and Zoology.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.23. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 1.51 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 4.51 (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-16, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 18
  • Scopus: 21
  • OpenCitations: 17

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-16:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 66.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 66 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 0.25.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Quintanilla, Paloma) and Last Author (Molina Pons, Mª Pilar).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Molina Pons, Mª Pilar.